transgenic mice  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: The experimental timeline and physiological parameters measured in PS19 mice. (A) Three-month-old PS19 mice were administered with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. The timeline of the experiment is represented in the schematics. (B) One week after being administered with STZ (60 mg/kg), PS19 mice presented significantly higher blood glucose levels ( P < 0.0001; CIT, n = 25; STZ, n = 36). (C) CIT and STZ groups were equally divided for AMY (2 mg/kg) or PBS injections at 4.5 months of age. Amylin administration did not affect the differences between the groups. The blood glucose in STZ/PBS and STZ/AMY groups remained at equally higher levels as compared with CIT-injected mice ( P < 0.0001; CIT/PBS, n = 11; STZ/PBS, n = 15; CIT/AMY, n = 10; STZ/AMY, n = 14). (D) STZ/PBS and STZ/AMY mice presented a lower rate of body weight gain than CIT/PBS and CIT/AMY ( P < 0.0001; CIT/PBS, n = 12; STZ/PBS, n = 16; CIT/AMY, n = 10; CIT/AMY, n = 17). (E) The levels of plasmatic amylin measured by ELISA in samples collected from 6-month-old PS19 mice were lower in STZ-injected mice ( P < 0.05 for diabetes factor in Two-way ANOVA) (CIT/PBS, n = 6; STZ/PBS, n = 5; CIT/AMY, n = 5; CIT/AMY, n = 5).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Motor and anxiety behaviors of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A – D) After the end of treatments, PS19 mice did not present differences in the distance traveled (A) or time in the center of the open field (B) (CIT/PBS, n = 11; STZ/PBS, n = 15; CIT/AMY, n = 9; CIT/AMY, n = 14). Similarly, no differences were detected in the distance traveled (C) or time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) (D) (CIT/PBS, n = 11; STZ/PBS, n = 14; CIT/AMY, n = 8; CIT/AMY, n = 13). (E) STZ/PBS presented a similar composite phenotype score (CPS) in comparison with STZ/AMY, but it was higher in relation to CIT/PBS, indicating that STZ impaired the motor coordination in PS19 mice ( P < 0.05; CIT/PBS, n = 6; STZ/PBS, n = 13; CIT/AMY, n = 6; CIT/AMY, n = 11).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Injection, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cognitive performance of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A – D) After the end of treatments, PS19 mice did not present differences in the working memory (Y-maze test) (A) (CIT/PBS, n = 11; STZ/PBS, n = 14; CIT/AMY, n = 10; CIT/AMY, n = 12), recognition memory in novel object recognition test (NOR) (B) (CIT/PBS, n = 11; STZ/PBS, n = 14; CIT/AMY, n = 9; CIT/AMY, n = 14), and spatial memory in the Morris water maze test (MWM) (C, D) (CIT/PBS, n = 10; STZ/PBS, n = 14; CIT/AMY, n = 9; CIT/AMY, n = 13). (E, F) STZ/PBS and STZ/AMY had a better performance in the contextual fear conditioning test (CFC) in comparison with CIT/PBS and CIT/AMY in the training and test sessions ( P < 0.05; CIT/PBS, n = 10; STZ/PBS, n = 14; CIT/AMY, n = 9; CIT/AMY, n = 13).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Injection, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for p-tau in the brains of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Schematic representation of a sagittal mouse brain section from the Allen Brain Atlas. PS19 mice sections were stained with mAb AT8 (left panel) or mAb MC1 (right panel). (B) AT8 staining was quantified in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (H), and visual cortex (V. Cx). (B, E) STZ/AMY mice presented a larger AT8 and MC1 + stained area in the visual cortex in comparison with CIT/PBS and CIT/AMY ( P < 0.05; n = 6 for all groups). (C, D) No differences were detected in the PFC (C), hippocampus (D), and other areas, such as the entorhinal cortex and amygdala (data not shown).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for IBA1 in the visual cortex of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A, B) No differences were observed in the number of microglial cells detected in the visual cortex. (C) The quantification of the IBA1 staining in multiple fields of the visual cortex revealed a paucity of microglial processes in STZ-injected mice in comparison with the other groups ( P < 0.05 for diabetes factor in Two-way ANOVA) (CIT/PBS, n = 7; STZ/PBS, n = 6; CIT/AMY, n = 8; CIT/AMY, n = 6).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for LAMP1 and AT8 in the visual cortex of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of AT8 (green), LAMP1 (red), and colocalization of AT8 and LAMP1 (merge) staining. Hoechst (blue) was utilized to stain the nuclei. (B) Quantification using SoRa imaging at 45 nm resolution (60 × objective and 4 × magnification) shows that STZ/AMY ( n = 8) has a larger AT8 + area in the visual cortex in comparison with CIT/PBS ( P < 0.06, n = 8), STZ/PBS ( P < 0.01, n = 7), and CIT/AMY ( P < 0.05, n = 8). (C) The quantification of the LAMP1 + area in multiple fields of the visual cortex revealed that STZ/AMY has a larger percentage of stained area in comparison with STZ/PBS ( P < 0.05). (D) The heatmap illustrates that STZ/AMY has more LAMP1 + organelles than the other groups. (E) Jaccard's index (intersection divided by the union) shows that STZ/AMY has a higher co-localization of AT8 and LAMP1 in comparison with the other groups ( P ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Imaging, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for LAMP1 and AT8 in the hippocampus of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of AT8 (green), LAMP1 (red), and colocalization of AT8 and LAMP1 (merge) staining. Hoechst (blue) was utilized to stain the nuclei. (B, C) Quantification using SoRa imaging at 45 nm resolution (60 × objective and 4 × magnification) shows that the groups do not differ in AT8 + (B) and LAMP1 + (C) area in the hippocampus (CIT/PBS, n = 5; STZ/PBS, n = 6; CIT/AMY, n = 6; CIT/AMY, n = 6). (D) The heatmap illustrates that the CIT/AMY and STZ/AMY groups have a higher number and that the STZ/PBS group has a lower number of LAMP1 + organelles than the CIT/PBS group. (E) Jaccard's index (intersection divided by the union) shows that there is no difference in the co-localization of AT8 and LAMP1 between the groups ( P ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Imaging

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for LAMP1 and CatD in the visual cortex of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of CatD (green), LAMP1 (red), and colocalization of AT8 and LAMP1 (merge) staining. Hoechst (blue) was utilized to stain the nuclei. (B) Quantification using SoRa imaging at 45 nm resolution (60 × objective and 4 × magnification) shows that CatD staining is not statistically different between the groups. (C) Jaccard's index (intersection divided by the union) shows that STZ/AMY has a lower co-localization of CatD and LAMP1 in comparison with the CIT/PBS ( P < 0.05; CIT/PBS, n = 8; STZ/PBS, n = 6; CIT/AMY, n = 8; STZ/AMY, n = 8).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Imaging, Comparison

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for LAMP1 and CatD in the hippocampus of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of CatD (green), LAMP1 (red), and colocalization of AT8 and LAMP1 (merge) staining. Hoechst (blue) was utilized to stain the nuclei. (B – D) Quantification using SoRa imaging at 45 nm resolution (60 × objective and 4 × magnification) shows that CatD staining (C) and Jaccard's index (intersection divided by the union) (D) are not statistically different between the groups (CIT/PBS, n = 4; STZ/PBS, n = 4; CIT/AMY, n = 4; CIT/AMY, n = 4).

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Imaging

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for insulin and AT8 in the pancreatic islets of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of AT8 (green), insulin (red), and co-staining of AT8 and LAMP1 (merge) staining. Hoechst (blue) was utilized to stain nuclei. (B) Quantification of insulin staining shows that STZ decreases the intensity of insulin staining in the pancreatic islet cells ( P = 0.12, STZ/AMY vs . CIT/PBS; P < 0.05, STZ/PBS vs . CIT/PBS. (D) Quantification of AT8 staining shows that STZ/AMY has a larger AT8 + area than CIT/PBS ( P < 0.05). n = 6 for all the groups.

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostaining for insulin, LAMP1, and CatD in the pancreatic islets of PS19 mice injected with CIT or STZ and PBS or AMY. (A) Representative images of LAMP1 (red) staining (20×) and co-staining of LAMP1 and CatD (SoRa imaging 60× objective with 4× magnification) inside the islets. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). (B) Quantification of LAMP1 staining shows that STZ/AMY has a smaller LAMP1 + area in the pancreas than CIT/AMY ( P < 0.05). (C) CatD staining was not different between the groups.

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Injection, Staining, Imaging

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Amylin exacerbates tau pathology in the visual cortex of diabetic mice by impairing lysosomal activity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical summary of the possible connection between amylin and tau pathology in the brain and pancreas of diabetic PS19 mice. The intraperitoneal administration of amylin aggregates caused the emergence of pathogenic p-tau concomitant with a decrease in lysosomes in the pancreas of diabetic PS19 mice. Although the plasmatic amylin remained unchanged in mice at 6 months of age, we speculate that a fraction of amylin aggregates may have reached the brain during the two-week injection period (4.5 months). Peripheral amylin aggregates, through a yet unknown mechanism, contributed to the exacerbation of p-tau in the visual cortex. The increase of p-tau in the visual cortex was accompanied by decreased lysosome functionality. However, the chronological order of these events still needs to be clarified. Further research is necessary to fully understand the spatial and temporal order and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of amylin in the aggregation of tau in both the central nervous system and the periphery.

Article Snippet: PS19 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-MAPT∗P301S)PS19Vle/J; Jax#024841) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained in the C57BL/6J background.

Techniques: Injection